Herstory: An Annotated Bibliography
Compiled by Rachel Richardson
3 June 2008

Archival, library and museum resources categorized alphabetically; all other works categorized thematically and then chronologically by year of publication to show evolution in women’s historiography. 

Archives & Collections

• Alice Marshall Women’s History Collection: Part of the Penn State Harrisburg Library’s Special Collections and Archives, this collection of more than 7,000 books and pamphlets, 400 periodical titles and thousands of other materials deals with the issues and individuals comprising women’s history from the 15th century to the early 1980s. [http://www.hbg.psu.edu/library/speccoll/amccollection.html]
• Center for Women’s History and Culture at Duke University: Holdings include printable materials and manuscript collections documenting the public and privates lives of women in the American South from the late eighteenth century to the present. [http://library.duke.edu/specialcollections/bingham/]
• Five College Archives Digital Access Project: A consortium of Amherst, Hampshire, Mount Holyoke, Smith and UMass Amherst, the collection provides access to digitized versions of archival records and manuscript collections relating primarily to history of women’s education at the Five Colleges.  [http://clio.fivecolleges.edu/]
• Iowa Women’s Archives, University of Iowa:  Holdings of more than 900 manuscript collections and oral histories chronicling the lives and work of Iowa women, their families and their communities dating from the nineteenth century to the present. [http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/iwa/]
• NARRA-ALIC Pathfinder for Women’s History Research in the National Archives and Records Administration Library: A list of bibliographic resources available at the Archives Library and Information Center.  [http://www.archives.gov/research/alic/reference/women.html] and also [http://www.archives.gov/research/alic/reference/women-supplemental.html]
• National Transgender Library & Archive: Part of the University of Michigan Library, this repository of books, magazines, personal papers, artwork, photographs and artwork and newspaper articles addresses gender variant individuals; it is believed to be the largest catalogued collection of transgender-related materials in the world.  Collection is useful for the study of normative gender roles defined for both men and women.  [http://www.lib.umich.edu/spec-coll/labadie/ntladesc.html]
• New York Public Library Women’s Studies Research Guide: The collections consist of vast retrospective holdings relating to women, including manuscript and archival material, as well as a broad range of current Women's Studies materials reflecting new trends and thought on feminist theory and scholarship. [http://www.nypl.org/research/chss/grd/resguides/women/index.html]
• Schlesinger Library: Part of Harvard University, holdings include more than 2,500 manuscripts, 80,000 printed volumes and photographic and audiovisual information documenting the history of women, families, and organizations, primarily in the nineteenth and twenties centuries.  It is also home to an extensive culinary collection.  [http://www.radcliffe.edu/schlesinger_library.aspx]
• Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College, Women’s History Manuscripts: The internationally recognized repository consists of a large holding of manuscripts, photographs, periodicals and other primary sources of the historical experience of American women from the colonial era to the present. [http://www.smith.edu/libraries/libs/ssc/]
• Western Historical Manuscript Collection: The joint collection of the University of Missouri and the State Historical Society of Missouri includes collections on women’s history and lesbian and gay collections. [http://www.umsl.edu/~whmc/]
• Women’s History at Wisconsin Historical Society: Online reproductions of original documents, pictures, and other primary sources women in the region. [http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/topics/womenshistory/]
• Women, Enterprise and Society: Offered through the Harvard Business Schoo’s Baker Library, the web-based publication identities library materials documenting women’s participation in American business and culture from the eighteenth through the twentieth centuries. [http://www.library.hbs.edu/hc/wes/intro/]

Bibliographies

• Black American Feminisms: Online multidisciplinary bibliography of black feminist thought emphasizing black feminist traditions in the United States. [http://www.library.ucsb.edu/subjects/blackfeminism/]
• H-Women Bibliographies: Book and article suggestions for a wide range of specific topics are offered by list members. [http://www.h-net.msu.edu/~women/bibs/]
• University of Wisconsin System Women's Studies Librarian's Office: Numerous bibliographies, many of which are online.  [http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/WomensStudies/]
  

Discussion Lists
Second Wave and Beyond: An online “scholarly community” on the history of the U.S. women’s movement since 1960.  Features a discussion group, blog and Wikipedia addressing the direction of historical research. [http://scholar.alexanderstreet.com] 

Journals

Black Women, Gender & Families. Ed. Jennifer F. Hamer.  ISSN: 1935-2743. Publisher: University of Illinois Free Press  [http://www.press.uillinois.edu/journals/bwgf.html]
            Biannual, peer-reviewed publication analyzing and promoting black women’s studies paradigms.  The journal is the official journal of the National Council for Black Studies in collaboration with the African American Studies and Research Program at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Journal of Women’s History. E-ISSN: 1527-2036.  Print ISSN: 1042-7961. Publisher: The Johns Hopkins University Press. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_womens_history/]
            First journal devoted exclusively to the international field of women's history.  Past issues from 1999 to present available online.

Meridian: feminism, race, transnationalism.  E-ISSN: 1547-8424.  Print ISSN: 1536-6936.  Publisher: Indiana University Press.    
            Based at Smith College, the biannual feminist, interdisciplinary journal provides a forum for scholarship and creative work by and about women of color in U.S. and international contexts. 

Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society.  ISSN: 0097-9740.  Publisher: University of Chicago Press. [http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/toc/signs/current]
            Founded in 1975, the quarterly journal is recognized as the leading international journal in women’s studies.  Issues include interdisciplinary articles on gender relations, sexualities, racial and gendered practices, institutions and cultural productions and theoretical concepts and frameworks on gender, race, class, sexuality, culture and nation.  Current issue available online; back issues available on JSTOR. 

Monographs & Anthologies

African-American Women

1984 (reprinted in 1996).  Paula Giddings.  When and Where I Enter: The Impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in America.  Scranton: William Morrow. 
            In her seminal appraisal of black women’s contributions to the struggles for racial and sexual equality, Giddings draws on the works of influential black women to reveal black women have struggled with and against the double discriminations of racism and sexism. 

1985 (reprinted in 1999).  Deborah Gray White, Aren’t I a Woman?: Female Slaves in the Antebellum South.  New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
            Describes the double-yoked oppressions of racism and sexism facing black Southern slave women. Draws on historical evidence, including slave narratives and the diaries and autobiographies of white Southerners, as well as recent scholarship on the black family, for a rich and detailed look at slave           women’s daily lives, occupations, family roles and communal networks. 

1972 (reprinted in 1992).  Black Women in White America: A Documentary History.  Ed. Gerda Lerner.  New York: Pantheon Books.
            Collection of rare documentary source, many of them previously unpublished, of excerpts from black            women’s speeches, diaries, letters and ephemera to document the lives of American black women from slavery to the twentieth century.     

Civil Rights

1996.  Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore.  Gender and Jim Crow: Women and the Politics of White Supremacy in North Carolina, 1896 – 1920.  Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Free Press.
            Gilmore’s significant contribution to the historiography is a considerable rethinking of the roots and   prevalence of Southern progressivism and the forward-thinking role exercised by black women in establishing a Southern Progressive era.

1995.  Charles Payne.  I’ve Got the Light of Freedom: The Organizing Tradition and the Mississippi Freedom Struggle.  Berkeley: University of California Press.
            Payne offers biographical studies on black activists like Septima Clark, Ella Jo Baker, June Johnson, and Fannie Lou Hamer, as well as an entire chapter devoted to the role of women in the movement.  He seeks to make visible the “historical invisibility” of local and ordinary women involved in the movement.           .

2001.  Sisters in the Struggle: African-American Women in the Civil Rights-Black Power Movement.  Eds. Bettye Collier-Thomas and V.P. Franklin. New York: NYU Press.
            Impressive collection of essays chronicling the unsung black women of the civil rights movement and black women’s activism in the Black Panther Party.  The anthology pays particular attention to those women who helped define the national trajectory of black civil rights movement, but have been     marginalized within the larger body of civil rights literature. 

Ethnic Focus

1986 (reprinted in 1992 with a new preface) .  Paula Allen Gunn.  The Sacred Hoop: Recovering the Feminine in American Indian Traditions.  Boston: Beacon Press. 
            This collection of essays ranges on topics from tribal myth to women chiefs and warriors, to gender and power, violence against women, and contemporary prose and poetry and the crucial role of women in Native American traditions. 

1995.  Judy Yung.  Unbound Feed: A Social History of Chinese Women in San Francisco.  Berkeley: University of California Press. 
            Yung’s social history of Chinese-American women in San Francisco during the first half of the twentieth century comes as a response to the inadequacies of ethnic studies, which she says tends to privilege race over gender and class analyses.  She argues for an historical analysis of women of color through an equal integration of race, gender and class. 

1998.  Theda Perdue.  Cherokee Women: Gender and Culture Change, 1700 – 1835.  Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 
            Represents a sharp break from earlier syntheses of the larges southeastern Indian nation in that women are placed at the forefront of the history of the Cherokee people.  She argues that it was primarily through he female domain and gender norms that cultural persistence prevailed. 

2002.  Ji-Yeon Yuh.  Beyond the Shadow of Camptown: Korean Military Brides in America (Nation of Newcomers).  New York: NYU Press.
            Examines the dual lives of Korean women who married American soldiers during the second half of the twentieth century.  Yuh argues that American-Korean relations are framed by a quasi-colonial relationship between the two nations that has existed since the end of WWII.  Her book explores larger issues of race, immigration, gender and community. 

Family & Children

1989.  Homework: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on Paid Labor at Home.  Eileen Boris and Cynthia Daniels, Eds.  Urbana: University of Illinois Press. 
            Broad range of historical and contemporary case studies of work performed by women within the home. A brief history of homework is given, with many of the essays addressing gender, race and class   concerns

1991.  In Joy and in Sorrow: Women, Family, and Marriage in the Victorian South, 1830 – 1900.  Carol Bleser, Ed.  New York: Oxford University Press..
            Collection of essays by a variety of scholars addressing familial relationships and issues for black and white women in both the upper- and lower-classes of society. 

2000.  Ruth Feldstein.  Motherhood in Black and White: Race and Sex in American Liberalism, 1930 – 1965.  Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
            Feldstein’s analysis centers around the question: why and how liberal ideas about race gained ascendance in an era seemingly entrenched by conservative idea about domesticity and gender roles. Feldstein argues that gender, especially racialized conception of bad mothering, are key to            understanding twentieth century American liberalism and its relationship to race. 

2007.  Maternal Theory: Essential Readings.  Andrea O’Reilly, Ed.  Toronto: York Press. 
            The first ever anthology of maternal theory includes 50 chapters covering the essential readings of three decades of scholarship.  Class, race, and sexuality are all considered in relation to motherhood and the family.   

Gender Studies

1990.  Mary Ann Humphrey.  My Country, My Right to Serve: Experiences of Gay Men and Women in the Military: World War ii to the Present.  New York: Harper & Row. 
            Humphrey is a former captain in the U.S. Army Reserve who was forced to resign her commission for being gay.  The collection of oral histories documents the experiences of lesbian and gay male veterans of the World War II and Cold War eras of the prevalence of “gay networking” and harassment and even   imprisonment of gay service members.

1994.  George Chauncey.  Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World, 1890 – 1940.  New York: New York Basic Books. 
            Chauncey’s rich social history of the rise of Gotham’s gay culture in the pre-WWII era not only delineates the making of the gay world, but also the straight world.  The role of women’s suffrage, increasing numbers of women in the workplace, and changes in family life are discussed in relation to   the formation of normative gender roles. 
           
1996.  Michael Kimmel.  Manhood in America: A Cultural History.  New York: The Free Press.
            Although Kimmel’s work seeks to define the social history of masculinity, his work has much to say on the formation of normative gender roles for both men and women, while demonstrating how each are subject to changing social constructs in American culture. 

Gender, race and/or class

1983.  Angela Y. Davis.  Women, Race and Class.  New York: Random House.  
            Historical approach chronicling the women’s movement in the U.S. to examine how it has been thwarted and self-sabotaged by the racist and classist agendas of its leaders.  Davis and this work is considered to be a pioneer in race, class and gender studies.   

1984. Audre Lorde.  “Age, Race, Class and Sex: Women Redefining Difference.”  In Sister Outsider.  Audre Lorde, Ed.  Freedom, CA: The Crossing Press.
            Although Lorde’s work falls more under the domain of feminist thought, her work is important in that it encourages a willingness to acknowledge and examine the privileges which come from structural power relations within which individuals are located.  This is a helpful and important work for those contemplating the enmeshment of race, class and gender.    

1996.  Drew Gilpin Faust.  Mothers of Invention: Women of the Slaveholding South in the American Civil War.  Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
            Historical analysis of the impact of secession, invasion and conquest on Southern white woman, with chapters addressing their relations with Northern soldiers, marital relationships during the war, and women and religion.                    

Regional Studies

1979 (updated and revised in 1998).  Julie Roy Jeffrey.  Frontier Women: “Civililzing” the West?  1840 – 1880.  New York: Hill and Wang. 
            One of the first classic histories of women on America’s frontiers and their diverse and valuable contributions to continental expansion.  The updated version has been revised to also offer the perspectives of African and Native American women,

1993.  Susan G. Butruille.  Women’s Voices form the Oregon Trail.  Boise: Tamarack Books.
            Butruille skillfully combines women’s own accounts of their experiences heading west with here own analysis on the lives of these women.  The book offers a wealth of primary sources, along with the locations of documents from which she gleaned the material. 

1995.  Margaret Ripley Wolfe.  Daughters of Canaan: A Saga of Southern Women.  Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. 
            A synthesis of Southern women’s broad history; examines both black and white women of all social classes

1998.  Linda Peavy and Ursula Smith.  Pioneer Women: The Lives of Women on the Frontier.  Rowayton, CT: University of Oklahoma Press. 
            Excellent collection of stories on the lives of pioneer women, with commentary on little-discussed issues like marriages between Anglo men and Indian and Hispanic women, as well as the lives of women who found employment outside the homestead as teachers, physicians, businesswomen, journalists and   even prostitutes. 

Special Topics – Early Republic

1977.  Lois G. Carr and Lorena S. Walsh.  “The Planter’s Wife.”  (William & Mary Quarterly 1977) as reprinted in In Search of Early America: pp. 183 – 208. 
            Lois Carr and Lorena Walsh argue cautiously that first-generation women to the Chesapeake were presented with great opportunities for social, economic and political advancement – if they survived the rigors of the nature of seventeenth century servitude and seasoning.  The authors hypothesize that this presented unique opportunities to English women to not only marry up the social ladder, but to also increase their political and economic standing in the larger society.

1977 (reprinted in 1997 with a new edition).  Nancy F. Cott.  The Bonds of Womanhood: “Women’s Sphere” in New England, 1780 – 1835. New Haven: Yale University Press.         
            Considered to be a seminal work in the field of women’s history in the early republic, Cott’s book did much to define the direction other works would take on the role of women in the early and mid-  nineteenth century and is still widely used and quoted by historians on the subject today.  Argues that women responded to certain initiatives and expectations, assimilating them into a part of their own ethos, while resisting some and creating still others         

1980.  Mary Beth Norton.  Liberty’s Daughters: The Revolutionary Experience of American Women, 1750 – 1800.  Boston: Little, Brown. 
            Mary Beth Nortonwas among the first to examine the impact of revolutionary ideology on thinking about gender.  She uses a social historical approach, personalizing her analysis by drawing on the private writings and correspondences, both published and unpublished, of more than 450 eighteenth- century women, to show the marked differences in women’s lives pre- and post-Revolution.

1982.  Laurel Thatcher Ulrich.  Good Wives: Image and Reality in the Lives of Women in Northern New England, 1950 – 1750.  New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 
            Examines women’s roles in New Hampshire, Maine and Essex County, Massachusetts as three biblical      types: Bathsheba, Eve, and Jael.  Despite living in a male-oriented world, Ulrich argues that colonial women in New England were not confined to a restricted domestic sphere, but that these women’s lives were neither static nor submissive.

1986.  Patricia U. Bonomi.  Under the Cope of Heaven: Religion, Society, and Politics in Colonial America.  New York: Oxford University Press. 
            Although this synthesis invokes the broader role of early American religious culture in the coming of the Revolution, Bonomi also addresses the role of the women who dominated church life, and the effects that “feminization” of colonial religion had on the larger cultural and political climate. 

 1987.  Carol F. Karlsen.  The Devil in the Shape of a Woman: Witchcraft in Colonial New England.  New York: W.W. Norton & Co.
            Examines the central role of women as witches in colonial New England as the first subject of systematic analysis.  Also addresses broader themes of the roles and positions of women in Puritan New England.

1990.  Laurel Thatcher Ulrich.  A Midwife’s Tale: The Life of Martha Ballard, Based on Her Diary, 1785 – 1812.  New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
            A oft-quoted work in scholarship on women in early American history, Ulrich uses the diary of the    obscure Maine house and midwife to examine how the seemingly mundane details of Ballard’s daily life reflect and relate to larger themes in the history of the early republic: the role of women in economic life,     the nature of marriage and sexual relations, and the scope of medical knowledge and practice. 

2000.  Karin Wulf.  Not All Wives: Women of Colonial Philadelphia.  Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 
            Karin Wulf adds to the rich literature on colonial women and the Revolution with this study of single women in Philadelphia.  Just as colonial men and women in northern New England conflated wife and woman, so, too have historians equated womanhood with married womanhood, argues Wulf, and she      shows how separating the influence of gender from marital status and class yields a new interpretation   on the positions and roles of women. 

2005.  Carol Berkin. Revolutionary Mothers: Women in the Struggle for America’s Independence.  New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 
            Berkin’s work offers a different interpretation to Mary Beth Norton’s acclaimed concept of Republican motherhood in that while women were somewhat empowered by the war, the period was marked more so by the wish to “return to normalcy.”  She goes on to challenge the era often referred to as the “golden age,” when American women were thought to have enjoyed a higher status than her European contemporaries or their nineteenth century descendents.

Special Topics – Nineteenth & Twentieth Centuries

1991.  Kathleen N. Blee.  Women of the Klan: Racism and Gender in the 1920s.  Berkeley: University of California Press.
            Considered to be the first focus on Klanswomen and the organization and its symbols from a gender-based perspective.  Draws on feminist theory to present an overlook of the Klan, while grounding theoretical perspectives to present biographies of Indiana Klanswomen, whom she argues to be “major actors” within the organization. 

1991 (reprinted in 2001 with a new introduction).  Naomi Wolf.  The Beauty Myth: How Images of Beauty Are Used Against American Women.  New York: William Morrow. 
            Wolf’s groundbreaking work is often cited by contemporary historians on women’s history, feminist scholars and sociologists.  Wolf argues that the beauty myth – historical pressures placed upon women to achieve a certain and often unattainable beauty ideal – exist as a form of social control in which the patriarchy is maintained. 

1995.  Stephanie McCurry.  Masters of Small World: Yeoman Households, Gender Relations & the Political Culture of the Antebellum South Low Country.  New York: Oxford University Press. 
            This award-winning work provocatively argues that the central link for yeoman support of the slave culture can be found not so much in race, but in gender relations.  Support of slavery proved essential to the maintenance of the larger social order, which included masculine mastery of women and households.   

1997.  Joan Jacobs Brumberg.  The Body Project: An Intimate History of American Girls.  New York: Vintage Books.
            The prominent historian draws on diary excerpts and media images from 1830 to the present to examine the shift from Victorian concerns with character to the now modern focus on appearance. 

1997.  Christine Leigh Heyrman.  Southern Cross: The Beginnings of the Bible Belt.  Chapel Hill: University of South Carolina Press.
            Presents a sweeping and detailed look at the origins of and transformations of evangelicalism within the Bible Belt, with special attention on the role of women in that transformation and how evangelicism gained acceptance, in part, to evangelical’s reassertion of masculine prerogatives. 

2001.  Sherrie Inness.  Dinner Roles: American Women and Culinary Culture.  Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. 
            Examines wide range of popular media from the first half of the twentieth century to shed light on the forces that helped perpetuate the notion that cooking is women’s work, as well as addressing issues of class and race.  This is considered to be one of the seminal works in the relatively narrow field of scholarship on women and culinary culture. 

2002.  Helen Lefkowitz Horowitz.  Rereading Sex: Battles over Sexual Knowledge and Suppression in Nineteenth-Century America.  New York: Vintage Books.
            Victorians and sexual repression are often synonymous in many historical works, but as Lefkowitz Horowitz reveals, the nineteenth century was fascinated by sex.  The author focuses primarily, but not  exclusively on New York, for a fascinating reinterpretation of early sexual attitudes, which she concludes to be neither prudish or repressed.   
           

Theory

1971.  Lois W. Banner.  "On Writing Women's History."  Journal of Interdisciplinary History.  2:2 :347-58

Presents overview of historical works on women’s history and the problems inherent within these past works, as well as commentary as to the direction the historiography should be headed. 

1971  Ruth Rosen.  "Sexism in History or, Writing Women's History is a Tricky Business," Journal of Marriage and the Family.  No.  33 (3):541-544.1982  Fox-Genovese, Elizabeth.  "Placing Women's History in History," New Left Review.  33:5-29. 

1986 (reprinted in 1988).  Joan W. Scott.  "Gender:  A Usefeul Category of Analysis." American Historical Review 91:5 (December).

Maps out a working definition of gender, suggests ways to approach gender theoretically, and lays out      some of the ways in which analysis of gender can transform the writing of history.  This is an oft-cited work even today. 

1996.  Feminism and History.  Joan Scott Wallach, Ed.  New York: Oxford University Press.
            Book of critical articles analyze the ways in which differences amongst women in terms of class,     ethnicity, race and sexuality and between women and men have been produced. 

Women’s Rights

1949 (translated and published in the United States in 1953).  Simone De Beauvoir.  The Second Sex.  New York: Alfred A. Knopf.   
            Hailed as a feminist masterpiece, the French author’s work heralded the second-wave feminist movement in the U.S. and remains to this day a central text in the investigation of women’s oppression and liberation. 

1963.  Betty Friedan.  The Feminist Mystique.  New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 
            Friedan’s landmark, groundbreaking book that named the nameless misery of suburban postwar (white) American woman has been cited as the catalyst for the feminist revival of the 1960s.  Simply put: You cannot study women’s lives in the twentieth century and beyond without a familiarity of this work.     

1966.  Barbara Welter.  “The Cult of True Womanhood: 1820 – 1860,” American Quarterly,
Vol. 18, Part. 1 (Summer), pp. 151 – 174.
            Perhaps the single most influential work describing and interpreting both a specific ideology of gender and cultural attempts to guide, mold and control the identities and behaviors of women in antebellum America. The author draws on an impressive and thorough array of period documents to reveal how prescriptive literature instructed how American women should feel and act.

1997.  Jean V. Matthews.  Women’s Struggle for Equality: The First Phase, 1828 – 1876.  Chicago: Ivan R. Dee.
            Succinct and useful synthesis of the early years of recent suffrage scholarship on the women’s rights movement.  Matthews argues that, especially in its first phase, the movement was both revolutionary and emancipatory; early suffragists attempted to rethink and redefine what womanhood meant.  Her Notes on the Sources is an excellent survey of suffrage scholarship, as well as a section on primary sources. 

2001.  Ruth Rosen.  The World Split Open: How the Modern Woman’s Movement Changed America.  New York: Penguin. 
            Engaging synthetic narrative of the history of both liberal and radical feminism, the revolutionary changes wrought by feminism and the reaction to them.

Women and War

1994.  Richard Hall.  Patriots in Disguise: Women Warriors of the Civil War.  New York: Marlow & Co.
            Narrative of those women who traded their hoop skirts and corsets for military battle uniforms during the Civil War.  Not an overly scholarly work nor does it consider recent feminist theory.  Later works on the subject reveal the depths of historical analysis omitted in this work. 

1996.  Glen Jeansonne.  Women of the Far Right: The Mothers’ movement and World War II.  Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
            Much is known about the often liberal women who have organized for collective action, but less so on women on the far right and their participation in movements other than the women’s movements.  Jeansonne examines about 15 mothers’ organizations and their affiliates whose combined thousands of members were anti-Communist, anti-Semitic, anti-Roosevelt and anti-U.S. participation in World War II. 

1999 (reprinted in 2001).  Elizabeth D. Leonard.  All the Daring of a Soldier: Women of the Civil War Armies.  New York: Penguin. 
            Leonard combed primary sources to chronicle the lives of women who fought for the Union army in the Civil War.  A rich historical analysis yields new insights on the motivations of these women who fought for the blue and grey.